The movement of people (and its consequences)

This chart shows the "slow train wreck" that is Eurozone youth unemployment - courtesy of Pedro da Costa of Reuters:



(larger version here)

This adds up to an aggregate youth unemployment figure of 23.3% (in March 2013) for the Eurozone as a whole.

This is what the European Commission plans to do about it:
The Youth Employment Initiative was proposed by the 7-8 February 2013 European Council with a budget of €6 billion for the period 2014-20. 
The Youth Employment Initiative would particularly support young people not in education, employment or training in the Union's regions with a youth unemployment rate in 2012 at above 25% by integrating them into the labour market.
The money under the Youth Employment Initiative would therefore be used to reinforce and accelerate measures outlined in the December 2012 Youth Employment Package. In particular, the funds would be available for EU countries to finance measures to implement in the eligible regions the Youth Guarantee Recommendation agreed by the EU's Council of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers on 28 February. Under the Youth Guarantee, Member States should put in place measures to ensure that young people up to age 25 receive a good quality offer of employment, continued education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within four months of leaving school or becoming unemployed. 
The Youth Employment Initiative would be complementary to other projects undertaken at national level, including those with European Social Fund (ESF) support, with a view to setting up or implementing the youth guarantee schemes, such as reforming the relevant institutions and services.
Of the funding, €3 billion would come from a dedicated Youth Employment budget line complemented by at least €3 billion more from the ESF. Given Member States' current budgetary difficulties due to the economic crisis, only the European Social Fund contribution would require Member States to top up with their own financial contribution.
Is €6 billion, of which part must come from the Member States with the most serious youth unemployment problems, really going to do any more than just scratch the surface of this problem?

And with GDP crashing in the countries with the highest youth unemployment, where are these jobs going to come from anyway?

The BBC's Newsnight programme recently interviewed the CEO of the Berlin Stock Exchange, Artur Fischer. Newsnight tweeted the following:
It's already happening, and not just from Greece. Here's a selection of news reports this year about the emigration of young people from the hardest hit Eurozone countries:

Ireland
The chart shows a downturn in Ireland's youth unemployment, from over 30% in early 2012 to 26% now. This is why:
"In the past four years, over 300,000 people have emigrated from Ireland; 40% were aged between 15 and 24".- RTE News, 9 May2013
Portugal
The migration of people from Portugal - of all ages, but particularly the young and talented - has become a national emergency
"More than 2% of Portugal's population have emigrated in the past two years....Most were young, highly-educated people fleeing to Switzerland or the oil-rich former Portuguese colony Angola."- BBC News, 25 January 2013
Spain
Spain currently has the second highest youth unemployment in the Eurozone. But its general unemployment level is very high too. According to El Pais, the largest exodus has been among young professionals aged 25-35. They are not strictly "youth"....but the younger ones are starting to go too:
"Spain's jump in unemployment has seen an exodus of youth, with tens of thousand of young Spaniards, many of them university graduates, looking for better opportunities in countries such as Germany and Britain and former Spanish colonies in Latin America......"A study by analyst Real Instituto Elcano in February shows 70 percent of Spaniards younger than 30 have considered moving abroad."- Al Jazeera English, 7 April 2013
Italy
As I shall explain shortly, Italy has a history of economic emigration. The difference is that whereas in the past emigration has mainly been from the poor South - and is one of the principal reasons why the South has remained poor - this time it is from the richer North. 
"Emigration from Italy rose by nearly a third last year to 79,000, with a growing number of young people choosing to leave the crisis-hit country, Italian media reported on Sunday, citing official data....with those aged 20 to 40 making up 44.8 percent of the total, from 28.3 percent in 2011."- The Daily Star, Lebanon, 7 April 2013
Greece
It's not just how many young Greeks are leaving, it's who they are. Brain drain:
"Greek emigration to Germany jumped by more than 40% last year....."A recent study by the University of Thessaloniki found that more than 120,000 professionals, including doctors, engineers and scientists, have left Greece since the start of the crisis in 2010."- BBC News, 30 May 2013

I do not wish anyone to think that I am bewailing the "terrible fate" of young people having to leave their homes in search of work. I certainly am not. There is nothing new - and nothing intrinsically undesirable - about young people emigrating to seek their fortunes in another country. To give a personal example, my great-uncle, Henry Dodson Noon, left the UK for Australia in the first decade of the twentieth century. His family were farmers, but he saw no future in farming in the UK at that time, so he went to Australia to carve out a new life for himself as a sheep farmer.* He was one of many young British men who left at that time. And my ex-husband's family are among a sizeable number of Italians who left a depressed Italy to seek new lives as hotel, cafe and small shop owners in Scotland (the most famous of them was Lord Forte of "Trusthouse Forte" fame, whose first hotel was opposite my father-in-law's cafe in Alloa). To this day they maintain links both with their Italian origins and with their adopted country, even though many of them - including my ex-husband - no longer live in Scotland either. I am sure my readers can come up with plenty of examples of their own. In human history, the movement of people is a feature, not a bug. It is how we create new lives for ourselves and how we develop and grow new economies. It is not, of itself, a bad thing. 

The problem is that the migration of young people from European countries may create even more difficulties for those left behind. The demographic timebomb awaiting Europe is nicely explained in this video from Reuters, which focuses on Latvia - which has already suffered a huge exodus of young people, as have other Eastern European countries. Are our family ties still strong enough for these highly-educated young people to send money back to the older generation that they leave behind, as young migrants in the past have done, and still do in many other parts of the world? Because if not, the future looks very bleak indeed for ageing populations in depressed countries in the South of Europe.....


Related links:

Portugal - immigration statistics
Latvia struggles with "demographic disaster" - France24 (h/t Andrew Lainton)
The Shortage of Bulgarians inside Bulgaria - A Fistful of Euros

* Sadly it did not last long....he was called up to serve in the Anzacs in WW1, was wounded at Gallipoli then killed on the Somme. He was my great-grandparents' only son....Like most people in the UK, my family lost members not just through emigration but through war. 

Comments

  1. in a world of increasing operational scarcity, the competition engendered leads to the current situation where the winners consolidate and protect their winnings and the rest, the losers are left to go more and more in the direction of slavery and death. this comment relates also to earlier posts...consolidation in a time of increasing scarcity and survival...
    sorry i missposted this below...

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    Replies
    1. quite right; also, what is rarely mentioned, the massive QE efforts of central banks only exacerbate this inequality by boosting stock and house prices, all assets which are typically owned by already wealthy people...all in the forlorn hope that there may be some trickledown to the serfs below.
      It would be laughable if it weren't so tragic.

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    2. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  2. "Are our family ties still strong enough for these highly-educated young people to send money back to the older generation that they leave behind, as young migrants in the past have done, and still do in many other parts of the world?"

    I wouldn't doubt family ties so much, but I'd wonder about how much spare money these migrants are likely to have. If the global financial crisis keeps dragging on, people may find jobs elsewhere, but maybe not well-paid jobs...

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  3. Care needs to be taken when quoting migration data for a country as open as Ireland,where there is a lot of movement both in and out of the place. while it is true that "In the past four years, over 300,000 people have emigrated from Ireland; 40% were aged between 15 and 24", it is also true that in the past four years, over 220,000 people have immigrated to Ireland; 38% were aged between 15 and 24".

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  4. On a technical note on the numbers, they do suffer for not being normalised for a few factors that tend to accentuate the north/south difference:

    - participation rate: a given proportion of an age class unemployed looks much bigger in countries with lower participation rates, or where exit (return to study, take care of kids, etc) is a more common response than being on the dole.

    - treatment of low paid transition jobs: in some countries it's easy to get a low pay part time job legally, while in others people will get the same kind of job on the black market as employers want to avoid full-protection contracts.

    - fraud social acceptability: the rates of how acceptable it is to be on the dole while you have a decent but unreported income varies between countries.

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  5. On the comparison with previous waves of migrations: it's now much easier to move back and forth than in say 1930 (no easyjet, no looking for a flat or job online then), so as economic fortunes turn, some of the migrants may go back, possibly importing back the best customs of the host country, or be replaced by people moving the other way.

    Also sunny countries may get an influx of northern pensioners, which nicely contributes to redistribution.

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  6. Two relevant posts on this topic:
    * Austerity "success stories" Latvia and Lithuania have reduced unemployment through NO significant job creation, only mass exile of the population, over 10% of both countries have left in recent years: http://www.craigwilly.info/2013/04/14/baltic-austerity-successes-or-how-to-easily-reduce-unemployment-by-exiling-10-of-your-population/
    * There is a history of emigration in Southern Europe, but traditionally these were *high fertility* countries, the twinning of 1.3-children-per-woman and mass emigration is going to have devastating long-term demographic consequences. A boon for Germany (gets skilled workers/taxpayers without paying for their education!), extremely dangerous for everyone else: http://www.craigwilly.info/2013/05/11/from-nations-to-provinces-the-demographic-collapse-of-southern-and-eastern-europe/

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  7. The impact of emigration (like immigration) is wildly over-stated. Its a marginal activity, both in terms of numbers and the scale of remittances. If the future looks "very bleak" for ageing populations in Southern Europe, emigration plays a small part in this, certainly much smaller than the birth rate, which has been below replacement levels in most OECD countries since 2000.

    It should also be borne in mind that a) a lot of emigration since 2008 has actually been migrants repatriating (e.g. Poles leaving Ireland and Brits leaving Spain), and b) the recent pick-up in migration is a sign of economic health as people tend to only migrate (as opposed to repatriate) when there is the prospect of a job.

    It's also worth remembering that emigrant remittances in the past were largely in the form of (direct) cash or (indirect) exports - e.g. the Irish in the UK buying Guinness and taking holidays back "home". Since the 80s (and turbo-charged in the 00s by the introduction of the Euro), a lot of emigrant remittances in Europe went into property - i.e. buying a place in the old country for holidays, retirement or as a pension pot.

    The major economic impact of emigration in many EU periphery countries in the last 30 years was its contribution to the property bubble, rather than its contribution to a brain-drain or to the ageing of the population.

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    Replies
    1. You are looking backward and saying "look it was ok then so it will carry on being ok". But I am looking forward, not backward, and I think the future may prove very different.

      Historically you are wrong: there have throughout history been examples of wastelands created by massive migration when the local economy collapses. I don't accept that the destruction of whole communities through economic migration is a sign of economic health.

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    2. I'm not saying that things don't change (the shift of emigrant remittances into property was a big change) but that we should be wary of assuming that migration has qualitatively changed - i.e. choosing to work abroad is being recast as "having to" work abroad.

      Intra-EU migration was high from 2000 onwards. It fell back after 2008, but is now inching back to its early 00s level. We're taking this as evidence of crisis, but it actually looks like a return to business as usual (see pg 21 of http://www.npdata.be/BuG/165-NV-A-migratie/0ECD-Migration-Outlook-2012.pdf).

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  8. Nice post and comments too. The assessment is quite simple:

    1) There is a dearth of opportunities.
    2) Whatever opportunities are present, the population is not qualified (either higher or lower) to take up these opportunities.

    Which means:
    1) Either governments and policy makers try to get the appropriate opportunities to their country OR
    2) People move to where the opportunities they seek exist.

    What is clear is that not all type of economic development suits all countries. The nature of economic development must be in sync with the skills available in the economy. To complete the circle, the skills developed must be in sync with the kind of opportunities you want to attract. In either case, it takes a lot of time to do so.

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    ReplyDelete
  22. After being in relationship with Harry for five years,he broke up with me, I did everything possible to bring him back but all was in vain, I wanted him back so much because of the love I have for him, I begged him with everything, I made promises but he refused. I explained my problem to someone online and she suggested that I should contact a spell caster that could help me cast a spell to bring him back but I am the type that don't believed in spell, I had no choice than to try it, I meant a spell caster called kizzekpe and I email him, and he told me there was no problem that everything will be okay before two days, that my ex will return to me before two days, he cast the spell and surprisingly in the second day, it was around 6pm. My ex called me, I was so surprised, I answered the call and all he said was that he was so sorry for everything that happened, that he wanted me to return to him, that he loves me so much. I was so happy and went to him, that was how we started living together happily again. Since then, I have made promise that anybody I know that have a relationship problem, I would be of help to such person by referring him or her to the only real and powerful spell caster who helped me with my own problem and who is different from all the fake ones out there. Anybody could need the help of the spell caster, his email: kizzekpespells@outlook.com you can email him if you need his assistance in your relationship or anything.I CAN NEVER STOP TALKING ABOUT YOU SIR CONTACT HIM NOW FOR YOUR SOLUTION.

    ReplyDelete
  23. Hello people my name is Lisa dawn i am using this post to say a big thank you to Dr ekuku the great for what he has done for me i never thought i could spend xmas and new year with my man after he has abandoned my and my kids for almost 2 yrs.
    i have tried all means to get my man back but all proved abortive until dr ekuku can into the question i contact him on the 29th of dec 2013 and behold by on the 31st of dec 2013 he cam and said he was sorry for a very thing and that he wants to move in back with us and he is ready to do anything to compensate me for all the troubles he cause i told him that all i wanted was him and not a car or a jet.
    using this post to inform people out there that there are still great men not like other scammers who defraud people of their money.
    pls do contact him for help on the following ekukutempleofsolution@gmail.com and Tel :+2348111957679.he is a man to be trusted.
    LISA DAWN FROM OKLAHOMA, SAND SPRINGS USA

    ReplyDelete



  24. Greetings to you all,
    I CANT HOLD THIS TESTIMONY TO MY SELF ALONE I HAVE TO TELL THE WORLD
    I am smith faith,I am out here to spread this good news to the entire world on how i got my ex love back.I was going crazy when my love left me for another girl last month,But when i met a friend that introduce me to Dr.edaho the great messenger to the wizards and witches that he serve,I narrated my problem to Dr.edaho about how my ex love left me and also how i needed to get a job as a managing director in a very big company.He only said to me that i have come to the right place were i will get all my heart desire without any side effect.He told me what i needed to do,After it was been done,In the next 1 to 2 days,My love called me on the phone and was saying sorry for living me before now and also in the next one week after my love called me to be pleading for forgiveness,I was called for interview in my desired company were i needed to work as the managing director..I am so happy and overwhelmed that i have to tell this to the entire world to contact Dr.edaho the following email address and get all your problem solve..No problem is too big for him to solve.Contact him direct Email at edahospellcaster@yahoo.com and get your problems solve like mine.

    ReplyDelete
  25. HOW DR CUBA HELPED ME GET MY EX BACK
    I AM DICKSON, my wife dumped me 9(nine) months ago after I accused her of seeing another man. I wanted her back in my life but she refused to have any contact with me. she changed her mobile number, blocked me from sending her mails and even on Facebook. I was so confused and lost concentration that made me lose my job, it was disastrous. I kept seeing on several blogs how a spell caster keeps helping people get their ex back and I contacted this spell caster called DR CUBA for help, he assured me in 48hours that my ex will return to me, and to my greatest surprise my ex called me for the first time since we broke up. I am so happy that my love is back again, we are now happier than ever and I have gotten a job far better than my previous one, once again thank you DR CUBA TEMPLE , you are truly gifted and powerful. Email this wonderful man on drcubatemple@gmail.com. He is the only answer to your problems. He can be of great help and I will not stop publishing his name for the good work he did for me . again his email address is drcubatemple@gmail.com or call Doctor on +2347038965900

    ReplyDelete


  26. I want to thank God for the use (Doctorfadeyitempleofspell@gmail.com) as my source of salvation after 2 years of unemployment and my lover left me alone for 2 years, only broken heart until I met after a Dr.Fadeyi ladies testimony how he was helped by the same Dr. fadeyi, so he decided to contact him and when I told him all my problems laughed and said this is not a problem. everything will be fine in three days. Exactly on the third day of my ex lover call me surprised me and what surprised me most was that a company applies for more than four months ago called and said I should return to work as soon as possible.Am very grateful to Dr. fadeyi, if you wish to contact him, his email is (Doctorfadeyitempleofspell@gmail.com) he makes the spell follows
    One-against witchcraft
    Two-Contra misfortune
    3 - Magic Wallet
    4 - to become like
    5 - against divorce
    6 - Provocation divorce
    7 - Return of marital love
    8 - Gain Easy
    9 - vs. poison
    10 - Total Impotence
    11 - against unwanted assignments
    12 - to occupy a place in society
    13 - Development of sex
    14 - Early Menopause
    15 - Epilepsy
    16 - Sickle Cell Disease
    17 - Debate woman, man
    18 - Land Debate
    19 - Heartbeat
    20 - Ulcers
    21 - to hinder a situation
    22 - Protection from enemies
    23 - against the weakness of pregnancy
    24 - Tetanus
    25 - female and male sterility
    26 - Memorandum
    27 - Soaps will have the opportunity to review
    28 - Azoospermies
    29 - against spells
    30 - Protection return to sender
    31 - painful Standard
    32 - Hypotension
    33 - Hypertension
    34 - against strain
    35 - Mental depression
    36 - against attacks
    37 - Ce-Demes
    38 - to cause menstrues
    39 - to regularize the rules
    40 - to save a person
    41 - to avoid making dead children
    42 - to attract customers
    43 - easy to impregnate
    44 - to prevent a woman out
    45 - for being a witch
    46 - to neat the madness
    47 - Join for a boy
    48 - against waste
    49 - against divorce
    50 - to resume his wife or her husband
    51 - to own at work
    52 - to be busy
    53 - Keep your business well
    54 - go have a help and reuissir
    55 _ Hiv cure
    56 _ Cancer cure

    You can contact dr fadeyi on doctorfadeyitempleofspell@gmail.com or call Doctor on +2348109468820

    ReplyDelete
  27. After being in relationship with emma for seven years,he broke up with me, I did everything possible to bring him back but all was in vain, I wanted him back so much because of the love I have for him, I begged him with everything, I made promises but he refused. I explained my problem to someone online and she suggested that I should rather contact a spell caster that could help me cast a spell to bring him back but I am the type that never believed in spell, I had no choice than to try it, I mailed the spell caster, and he told me there was no problem that everything will be okay before three days, that my ex will return to me before three days, he cast the spell and surprisingly in the second day, it was around 4pm. My ex called me, I was so surprised, I answered the call and all he said was that he was so sorry for everything that happened, that he wanted me to return to him, that he loves me so much. I was so happy and went to him, that was how we started living together happily again. Since then, I have made promise that anybody I know that have a relationship problem, I would be of help to such person by referring him or her to the only real and powerful spell caster who helped me with my own problem and who is different from all the fake ones out there. Anybody could need the help of the spell caster, his email: drinegbedionspellhome@gmail.com you can email him if you need his assistance in your relationship or anything. CAN NEVER STOP TALKING ABOUT YOU SIR HIS EMAIL
    ADDRESS IS:drinegbedionspellhome@gmail.com CONTACT HIM NOW FOR SOLUTION TO ALL YOUR PROBLEM

    ReplyDelete
  28. My name is Ruth I can’t explain this but I just have to share my joy and happiness with the world I don’t know how Dr omamen helped me in bringing back my husband. I have been frustrated for the past 2 years with my two kids living without my husband who surprisingly left home with a girl named Rose. One faithful day a friend of mine came visiting and I told her about the situation I am in for the past two years, she then told me about Dr omamen that he is a very powerful man, at first I never wanted to believe her because I have spent a lot going to different places but she convinced me, so I had no choice because I really need my husband back. So we contacted Dr omamen who told me all I needed to do which I doubted. But the greatest joy in me today is that Dr omamen was able to bring my husband back to me and now we are living happily as never before. Thanks to you Dr omamen. If you have problems of any kind I will advise you to contact him on his private email… omamenspiritualtemple @ gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  29. My Name is Rachael Vivian,from South Africa, I wish to share my testimonies with the general public about what this man called Dr omamen spell caster, on what he has just done for me , this man has just brought back my lost Ex husband with his great spell, I was married to this man called Mathew we were together for a long time and we love each other but when I was unable to give him a child after 3 years, he left me and told me he can’t continue anymore then I was now looking for ways to get him back until a friend of mine who told me about this man. My friend gave his email to me and asked me to contact him but I didn't want to because I doubted at first but later reconsidered because it's so rear for a man to be as powerful like she said. So I contacted him through this email ( omamenspiritultemple@gmail.com.) You won’t believe this when I contacted this man and told him my problems he cast the spell and my ex came back begging on his knees and asking me to forgive him. Not only that after a month I miss my monthly flow, when I went to my doctor, he confirm that I am pregnant so I told myself that I will testify to the whole wide world about the wonders of the powerful man if I give birth successfully. I am so happy today because I am a mother of a bouncing baby girl, thank you once again the great Dr omamen spell caster for what you have done for me, if you are out there passing through any of the following situations :
    (1) If you want your ex-back.
    (2) If you always have bad dreams.
    (3) You want to be promoted in your office.
    (4) You want women/men to run after you.
    (5) If you want a child.
    (6) You want to be rich.
    (7) You want to tie your husband/wife to be yours forever.
    (8) If you need financial assistance.
    (9) Herbal care
    (10) if you are unable to satisfy your wife sex desire due to low err action.
    (11) If your menstruation refuse to come out the day it suppose or over flows.
    (12) If your work refuse to pay you, people owing you.
    (13) Solve a land issue and get it back.
    (14) Did your family Denny you of your right?
    (15) Do you have a low sperm count?
    (16) Are you contesting for any political position in your country?
    (17) Case solves E.T.C
    You are free to contact him at omamenspiritultemple@gmail.com.

    ReplyDelete
  30. Hello to every one out here, am here to share the unexpected miracle that happened to me three days ago, My name is Edwin Wallace i live in United State,and I`m happily married to a lovely and caring wife,with two kids A very big problem occurred in my family seven months ago,between me and my wife so terrible that she took the case to court for a divorce she said that she never wanted to stay with me again,and that she did not love me anymore So she packed out of my house and made me and my children passed through severe pain. I tried all my possible means to get her back,after much begging,but all to no avail and she confirmed it that she has made her decision,and she never wanted to see me again. So on one evening,as i was coming back from work,i met an old friend of mine who asked of my wife So i explained every thing to her,so she told me that the only way i can get my wife back,is to visit a spell caster,because it has really worked for her too So i never believed in spell,but i had no other choice,than to follow her advice. Then she gave me the email address of the spell caster whom she visited.(kemespelltemple@gmail.com }, So the next morning,i sent a mail to the address she gave to me,and the spell caster assured me that i will get my wife back the next day what an amazing statement!! I never believed,so he spoke with me,and told me everything that i need to do. Then the next morning, So surprisingly, my wife who did not call me for the past seven {7}months,gave me a call to inform me that she was coming back So Amazing!! So that was how she came back that same day,with lots of love and joy,and she apologized for her mistake,and for the pain she caused me and my children. Then from that day,our relationship was now stronger than how it were before,by the help of a spell caster . So, i will advice you out there to kindly visit the same website {kemespelltemple@gmail.com },i f you are in any condition like this,or you have any problem related to "bringing your ex back. So thanks to Dr KUME for bringing back my wife,and brought great joy to my family once again.(kemespelltemple@gmail.com }, Thanks..

    ReplyDelete
  31. My name is Rita Benson am from Australia This is a very happy day of my life, After 4 years of Broken marriage, my husband left me with two kids . I felt like my life was about to end i almost committed suicide, i was emotionally down for a very long time. Thanks to a spell caster called Dr Ayo, which i met online. On one faithful day, as I was browsing through the internet,I came across a lot of testimonies about this particular spell caster. Some people testified that he brought their Ex lover back, some testified that he restores womb,cure cancer,and other sickness, some testified that he can cast a spell to stop divorce and so on. i also come across one particular testimony,it was about a woman called Sandra,she testified about how he brought her Ex lover back in less than 24hour, and at the end of her testimony she dropped Dr. Ayo e-mail address. After reading all these,I decided to give it a try. I contacted him via email and explained my problem to him. In just 24hours, my husband came back to me and started begging me to forgive him that he is very sorry for everything that he do to me . We solved our issues, and we are even happier than before Dr. Ayo, is really a gifted man and i will not stop publishing him because he is a wonderful man... If you have a problem and you are looking for a real and genuine spell caster to solve all your problems for you. Try and contact Dr. Ayo so that he can help you to solve your problems, greatayosolutiontemple@gmail.com anytime, he might be the answer to your problems. Here's his contact: greatayosolutiontemple@gmail.com i am really happy with my marriage now,thank you great man called Dr. Ayo!!!!

    ReplyDelete
  32. My name is Sarah Richardson from Canada,i want to share my wonderful testimony on how i got back my ex-lover of my life back,i one to tell the people in the world there is a real spell caster on line and is powerful and genuine, His name is Dr. Ayo, He helped me recently to reunite my relationship with my Boyfriend who dumped me, When i contacted Dr. Ayo he cast a love spell for me and my Boyfriend who said he doesn't have anything to do with me again called me and started begging me. To anyone who is reading this article and needs any help, Dr. Ayo can also offer any types of help like Reuniting of marriage and relationship, Curing of all types of Diseases, Court Cases, Pregnancy Spell, Spiritual protection and lot's more.thank once again wonderful man for help me to bring my ex lover back to me,thank you,thank you again and again Dr Ayo,
    You can contact him Via this email greatayosolutiontemple@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  33. Am here not only to testify but also to encourage people in the world facing marital, relationship and financial problem etc about the great works of Dr olta of oltaspelltemple I was lost in love with my husband until a lady snatched him away from me with an evil spell. Then I cried out to my bosses wife and she told me about how she faced a similar problem and gave this great mans contact to me and I gave him all the items he needed for the spell and now am happy again living in love with my family.I employ you to contact this man, your story of pain will change within days and you will be smiling like I am today. Once again am grateful sire contact him on his email via oltaspelltemple@gmail.com or call +2347068897198

    ReplyDelete
  34. I am telling the public my testimony, i hear how people are talking about
    The powerful spell caster called prophet olukorjesu in regard of how he bring
    back ex lover, winning lottery, getting pregnant and getting married to
    their dream true lover and i also contact him to help me cast a spell in
    regard of my ex lover whom i love so much that left me 2 yrs ago, but today
    my ex is back to me and we are happily married with 3 kids and i am so much
    happy for the help i found in you prophetolukorjesu. i and my family are very
    much happy and we are living large now, i am grateful and appreciate your
    good work of spell casting, thank you and may you leave long to help people
    in problems His email is prophetolukorjesu@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  35. I am full of happiness and delight, on the grounds that I have my significant other once more at my palm. My partner left me for just about 2 years. He doesn't pick or even return my calls and sends I tried each approaches to get him back, however no way. Until I met with this extraordinary spell caster called sacura, who did magic for me to get him back in less than 42hrs. I exhort anybody going to this site to run to him promptly for any relationship offer assistance. He is an extremely effective and experience spell caster you can get help from.you can contact this great man Dr sacura on his email drsacuratemple@hotmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  36. i am Lisa Hall, i am hear to give testimony of how i got back my husband, we got married for more than 2 years and we have two kids. thing were going well with us and we are always happy. until one day my husband started to behave in a way i could not understand, i was very confused by the way he treat me and the kids. later that month he did not come again and he called me that he want a divorce, I asked him what have i done wrong to deserve this from him, all he was saying that he want a divorce and that he hates me and do not want to see me again in his life, i was mad and also frustrated do not know what to do, i was sick for more than 2 weeks because of the divorce. i love him so much he was everything to me without him my life is incomplete. i told my sister and she told me to contact a spell caster, i never believe in all this spell casting of a thing. i just want to try if something will come out of it. I contacted Dr. Iyere, at (dr.iyere@hotmail.com) for the return of my husband to me, they told me that my husband have been taken by another woman that she cast a spell on him that is why he hates me and also want us to divorce. then they told me that they have to cast a spell on him that will make him return to me and the kids, they cast the spell and after 3 days my husband called me and he told me that i should forgive him, he started to apologize on phone and said that he still love me that he did not know what happen to him that he left me. it was the spell that the Dr. Iyere, casted out on him that made him come back to me, today me and my family are now happy again today. thank you Dr. Iyere, for what you have done for me i would have been nothing today if not for your great help. i want you my friends who are passing through this kind of love problem of getting back their husband, wife , or ex boyfriend and girlfriend to contact (dr.iyere@hotmail.com) and you will see that your problem will be solved.

    ReplyDelete
  37. Dr Ogudugu is like a father to the fatherless.. i never believed these will really make a change in my marriage, and i never have it in my thought that i could ever been with my husband Mr Devis after divorcing and ending our 33years marriage.... My life was upset i never knew where to start from when my husband broke up with me.....My name is Jane Devis from Poland but got married and live in Chicago USA, GREATOGUDUGU@GMAIL.COM is the right email address to contact for an urgent help in getting your lover back.... My husband and I have been together for 33years before he divorced me and i was so upset because i thought i have lost my marriage forever... i did all i could to please for my husband to bring me back home but all to be in vain.. i had to travel away from my state because i was not having anywhere to stay because my home was not conducive for me to stay because my husband want me out of th house, i travel to a friend of mine in California, one night, when i was searching on a good spell caster results that help in bringing back lost lover's and husband's, i found an interesting story that was shared by Santana Valdez From Texas Huston, about a good spell caster called Dr Ogudugu,and how he helped her in getting her husband back home, and i decided to put a try in contacting him... he replied me back.. i thought at first these was just normal and he told me that i was going to get back my husband after a period of 28hours i still doubted him.... But today as i am sharing these good news is for me to express my experience to all the whole universe that these is a good spell caster that helps in bringing back lost lovers and he is.or call +2348066421534 I am happily with my husband and my 3 kids, TARRY, WENDY, JEFF... great Ogudugu i thank you for helping me to get my family back.... his email address is (GREATOGUDUGU@GMAIL.COM or +2348066421534)

    ReplyDelete
  38. WITH TEARS OF JOY IN MY HEART, I WANT TO GIVE THANKS TO DR IGODO FOR BRINGING BACK MY LOVER AFTER 2 DAYS
    My Husband has returned home after many months. No one thought that there was hope. My friends and family urged me to move on and get a divorce. Every time I was close to giving up, I did not feel releasing me from my marriage until when my cousin introduced me to Dr. Igodo who helped her when she had problem with her lover. Dr.Igodo made the impossible possible within 48 hours after I did all that he told me to do. Here is his contact e-mail if you need help too docigodo@yahoo.com. and tel +2348169138446.
    Rebecca, USA

    ReplyDelete

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