The Amazing Conversion of Sir James Dyson


“Will you tell me how long you have loved him?” asks Jane Bennet, on receiving the astonishing news that her sister Elizabeth is to marry Darcy, the rich aristocrat she used to hate.

“It has been coming on so gradually, that I hardly know when it began,” replies Elizabeth. “But I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberley.”

This is from the end of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Austen is lampooning the British 19th century marriage market, in which women (and men) pretended to “fall in love” when in fact they were marrying for money. But for cynics like me, such a remarkable conversion has echoes in the 21st century. When someone suddenly becomes an ardent supporter of an ideology they had previously - equally ardently - opposed, always follow the money.

So, to Sir James Dyson, inventor of cyclone-technology vacuum cleaners and ardent Brexiteer. Sir James is frequently heard expounding his hardline Brexit views on the BBC, which is struggling to find pro-Brexit voices among the UK’s business leaders. Here he is, on the BBC’s Andrew Marr show, claiming that Brexit creates a “fantastic opportunity outside Europe” for the UK:
Ah, look, there’s fantastic opportunity outside Europe. There’s opportunity within Europe, but Europe is the slowest-growing area in the world. All the other areas are much faster-growing, and I think 90 per cent of future growth will come outside the EU.
No-one has ever said that being in the EU prevents manufacturers seizing opportunities outside Europe. Indeed, European countries export all over the world. Why is Brexit necessary for British manufacturers to benefit from fast growth elsewhere?

Sir James has not always held this opinion. In 2000, he claimed not only that Britain’s future is in the EU, but that it would be “suicidal” for Britain not to join the Euro. “Why should we go on exporting at a loss?” he said. “We're facing unfair competition.”

“Unfair competition”, it seems, meant a strong pound. Dyson didn’t like the export disadvantage he faced due to the Euro’s weakness at that time. So he threatened to move production to Malaysia if Britain didn’t join the Euro.

Fortunately, the UK government did not give in to his threats. Britain did not join the Euro. And two years later, Dyson moved production of his vacuum cleaners to Malaysia, with the loss of 590 jobs in the UK.

Though by then, the Euro had little to do with his decision. What attracted him were the much lower labour costs in Malaysia. He put up a good story, of course, claiming that he “agonised” over the decision. And he blamed international competition:
No one could have tried harder to make it work in Britain. I feel very sad but we are minnows in comparison with our multinational competitors and we need to make substantial savings to take them on.
Really, Sir James? How come Numatic, the manufacturer of the iconic Henry range of vacuum cleaners, hasn’t found it necessary to offshore its production, even though their vacuum cleaners are significantly cheaper than yours?

Anyway, he moved production to Malaysia to cut costs. And that’s when the lying began. He told his workforce that production of washing machines would remain in the UK. But less than a year later, he moved production of washing machines to Malaysia, with the loss of a further 65 jobs in the UK. Union leaders at the time lampooned Dyson by singing Britney Spears’ number “Oops I did it again”. One commented, “This latest export of jobs by Dyson is confirmation that his motive is making even greater profit at the expense of UK manufacturing and his loyal workforce.”

He was absolutely right. Shortly afterwards, Dyson – sole owner of his company - celebrated a large increase in profits from offshoring his production to Malaysia. And in an extraordinary piece of doublethink, he claimed that although lower-skilled people had lost their jobs, that didn’t matter because the R&D department in the UK was employing more higher-skilled people, which was what the UK government wanted:
We employ 1,300 at Malmesbury - engineers, scientists and people running the business. The decision to shift production to Malaysia was not good for Britain in one sense because we don't employ manual labour any more.
But we are taking on more [people] at higher pay rates and more value-added levels and that's what Patricia Hewitt is always asking us to do.
[Patricia Hewitt was then Secretary of State for Trade and Industry]

Tell that to the 655 people who lost their jobs so you could have higher profits, Sir James. And don't give me that stuff about "we might not have survived if we hadn't moved production to Malaysia". Henry is alive and flourishing, after all.

Nowadays, Sir James Dyson’s entire manufacturing output comes from the Far East. The UK government has tried to persuade Sir James to manufacture new products in the UK, to no avail. In 2016, leaked government documents revealed that Dyson was working on developing an electric car with help from UK public funds. But in the Andrew Marr interview, Dyson refused to commit to developing the car in the UK:
We’re going to make it ourselves. Whether we make it here or in – somewhere in the Far East or wherever. We haven’t decided yet. But it’s really about component supply and skills.
It could not be clearer. Dyson is not a UK manufacturer. He has no commitment to the UK whatsoever.

However, this doesn’t really explain his Road to Damascus conversion. When did that happen – and why?

Henry Mance in the FT thinks he has the explanation. “[Dyson’s] opposition to the EU first emerged in September 2014, days after new standards on the labelling of vacuum cleaners,” he says. And he continues:
Dyson challenged the new standards in the EU courts, claiming that they discriminated unfairly against his machines. But the court threw out the challenge, saying Dyson had “failed to demonstrate that there were more reliable, accurate and reproducible tests”.
But hang on. Leaving the EU would not change the legal decision, would it?

No, it wouldn’t. “Even if Britain exits the EU, Dyson will continue to have to comply with the regulation if it wishes to sell its products on the continent,” says Mance. Sour grapes, Sir James?

Sir James’s response to Henry Mance certainly sounds like it:
As someone who has had to deal with European bodies, and the impact of their protectionist laws and regulations, over the past 25 years, I can confirm that we have no influence whatsoever in their shaping.
Translation: “the EU won’t do what I want”. Of course, there is no guarantee that a UK government would do what he wants, either. But in Dyson’s eyes, the price for not doing so might be high.

Recently, Dyson opened an R&D facility in Singapore. He also opened a new facility in the UK, but his long-term plan appears to be to turn his UK facilities into a technology university. Given that all his manufacturing is in Malaysia, training up engineers in the UK to transfer them to Singapore could make strategic sense.

Dyson makes no secret of his admiration for Singapore, and his desire for the UK to become more like Singapore. It is hard not to conclude that if the UK does not adopt a Singapore business model after Brexit, as he has proposed, he will remove his R&D facilities from the UK, just as previously he used the UK's failure to join the Euro as an excuse to remove his production from the UK. Those hoping for long-term engineering jobs in the UK might like to remember the fate of those who hoped for long-term production jobs in the UK.

But deregulation and zero corporate taxes are not all that Dyson wants. Dear me, no. He is also a big supporter of subsidies and tax breaks. But not for vacuum cleaner manufacturers so much as farmers.

Why farmers? That is easy. Dyson has sunk much of his wealth into UK farmland. In 2016, his farming business received £1.6m in farm subsidies from the EU, the largest payment in the UK. So this ardent Brexiteer stands to lose a lot of money from Brexit. Unsurprisingly, therefore, he is lobbying hard for the UK government to continue to subsidise farmers after Brexit.

His argument sounds oddly familiar. “You’ll be putting British farmers at a disadvantage against European farmers”, he says. Just like not joining the Euro put British vacuum cleaner manufacturers at a disadvantage against European manufacturers.

So perhaps we can now see why Dyson fell in love with Brexit. Not the beautiful grounds of Pemberley, so much as the beautiful prospect of persuading the UK government to cut his corporation tax to zero, cut his labour costs to Malaysian levels, craft regulation to benefit his business, and pay him millions of pounds in farm subsidies.

I sincerely hope the UK government does not give in to this blatant profiteering. And I would really, really like the BBC to stop giving this Malaysian manufacturer and UK rent-seeker air time.

Related reading:

British lawmaker advises investors to take their money out of the UK - Forbes

Image is a still from the film "Pride and Prejudice", showing Elizabeth (left) and Jane (right). 

Comments

  1. What a great post. Really enjoy reading it!

    ReplyDelete
  2. "Fortunately, the UK government did not give in to his threats. Britain did not join the Euro. "

    So you're not a "Euro-regretter" then? I would have thought that many Remain voters who opposed UK entry into the Eurozone may have been having second thoughts now – after all wouldn't being in the Euro have made Brexit all-but-impossible?

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    Replies
    1. I opposed creation of the Euro, I opposed British membership of the Euro, and I was in favour of Grexit. The Euro is a misbegotten, deformed creature that exists for one thing only, and that is to deny sovereignty to members of the EU. I'd end it now if I could, and I have said so publicly on many occasions.

      Delete
    2. How could you support Grexit, when one of Syriza's own MEPs admitted that it would leave Greece even worse off than Zimbabwe?

      Quoting Laurent Weppe from the Contrary Brin blog:

      ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      Argentina has enormous reserves of feedstock, which is not Greece's case: it's soils are depleted from millennia of erosion and overuse, it doesn't have the infrastructure to exploit its modest oil reserves, and its mining industry is way too small to provide more than an auxiliary revenue. You cannot build an economy based upon the exports of raw materials when you don't have the damned raw materials.

      And then there's the fact that Greece imports a lot of basic commodities: it imports fuel, pharmaceuticals, food.

      You don't realize how bad Greece's situation is: outside of the Eurozone with a massively devalued currency, between its lack of feedstock, underdeveloped industry and a tourism sector already working at capacity its imports wouldn't increase, while its imports would remain the same, leading to an increasingly negative commercial balance. With no one left to lend money to Greek businesses and households, Greece would eventually have been unable to keep importing the aforementioned basic commodities.

      Tell me genius: What happen when a country
      1. Produces less food than its population need to feed itself
      2. Can't import foods
      3. Can't invade and plunder its neighbors
      huh?

      Greece wasn't facing a few rough years in case of Grexit: it was facing starvation and societal collapse: that's why the Greek population remains massively opposed (78% to 19%) to a return to the Drachma (Kostas Chrysogonos, a Syriza MEP, said that Grexit would turn Greece into a worse place to live in than Zimbabwe), and why it's the hardliner austerity-fetishists who were hellbent about kicking Greece out of the Eurozone: the first group doesn't want to starve, while the second group wants to make an example out of the first."

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    3. This post is not about Greece. If you wish to know why I supported Grexit, and how I thought major damage to the Greek economy could be avoided, you need to read my (many) posts on Greece from 2011-12. After that, I did not support Grexit, because the terms of the bailout included an escrow arrangement that in effect made Grexit impossible without also leaving the EU. I wrote about that at the time.

      I will not publish further comments about Greece, or about the Euro. Please stick to the topic of THIS post.

      Delete
    4. Thanks for the analysis Frances Coppola. As to the incisive questions from George Carty, I would really like to have George's answers, in applying these questions to post-Brexit UK, since here we import around 50% of our food, and usually hold sufficient supplies for 4-5 days only. Brexit will seriously curtail our ability to import (31% comes from the EU; increased costs; tariffs; supply bottlenecks etc) and we are not in a position to do much plundering. I guess given George's poor English and spelling, he isn't that worried as he probably doesn't live in UK at all. Over to you George: "What happen[sic] when a country
      1. Produces less food than its population need[sic] to feed itself
      2. Can't import foods
      3. Can't invade and plunder its neighbors [American sp?]"

      Delete
    5. Oh, my mistake was not to realize that Frances Coppola's scenario was of Greece leaving the Euro without leaving the EU.

      I agree the food supply situation in post-Brexit Britain could be worrying (which is probably what the whole chlorinated chicken farrago is all about) but Britain's economy isn't in a state quite as parlous as Greece's.

      As for the spelling errors in my previous post, those are down to the fact that I was quoting a post made by a Frenchman on an American blog -- one obvious error which I spotted was "fetichists" instead of "fetishists", but I didn't check it in detail.

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  3. Great article. People need to speak out against these self centered celebrity business people. Dyson has no care for all the workers and companies who invested in the UK membership of the EU.
    People like Dyson and the witherspoons guy should not be on the BBC promoting there own self interests. Shame on the BBC.

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  4. Well said, FC!

    I for one would be delighted to see more analysis on the motivations of the leading Brexiteers.

    Is it related to tax havens maybe?

    ReplyDelete
  5. This is interesting. Your concluding comments about post-Brexit Malaysian-style labour costs suggest you don't believe UK workers will experience a rise in wages thanks to new limits on immigration.

    I recently had a Twitter exchange with a supposedly leftwing trade-union Brexiteer after he claimed it was a 'simple economic fact' that immigration had a negative effect on wages. I pointed to the very generous remuneration of the highly international workforce of the City to suggest it wasn't so simple.

    I didn't point out that many of the low-wage jobs he was more concerned with (eg, in the agricultural sector) may simply cease to exist post-Brexit.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I think few people believe that immigration *always* has a positive effect on wages or the EU would allow free movement of people from outside the EU.

      Frances is quite right about Dyson's hypocrisy. But in the process is implicitly defending the CAP subsidies he gets, since EU membership requires those, and offshoring of manufacturing, since the Single Market allows that. If he hadn't moved his factory to Malaysia he would still have had the right to move to a continental country without the UK govt being able to stop him. Is that freedom for Dyson a good thing or not?

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    2. I don't think anyone with power or influence has suggested that post-Brexit Britain could outright forbid major employers from leaving the country, so isn't that a moot point?

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  6. And meanwhile, while everyone's attention is turned to what the man who applied the "existing" principle of Cyclonic Separation to the domestic vacuum cleaner thinks, we are all ignoring the very real threat to the very real UK jobs in the very real UK hi-tech aircraft manufacturing sector as recently expressed by the chief operations director of Airbus in the UK: -

    https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/nov/21/airbus-boss-says-brexit-risks-losing-uk-aviations-crown-jewels-to-china

    ReplyDelete
  7. You forgot to mention the effect of the weaker pound. In principle it should benefit his export trade right? Another reason to support Brexit...
    It could be double edge sword though: if manufacturing is in Malaysia it might end up affecting his cost base on his UK sales. I don't know what his revenue share looks like for different markets, but I would not be surprised if the ROW is bigger than the UK.
    Anyway, it is obvious he is a prime example of a Union Jack waving individual claiming to support the national interest when in reality he is just supporting his own!

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. As he does not export from the UK, but from Malaysia, the weaker pound does not help his exports at all. He exports TO the UK, not from it.

      Delete
  8. I'm sure Sir Dyson will be doubly pleased when he realises that all the farmland he has bought qualifies for agricultural inheritance tax relief, as long as it can be demonstrated that he has been actively involved in farming. If I were him, I'd make sure that I was seen sitting around on tractors occasionally.

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    Replies
    1. I'm sure he is already well aware of the inheritance tax implications. And he is indeed seen sitting around on tractors from time to time.

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  9. Vacuum cleaners are sold with labels indicating their effectiveness on different surfaces and their power consumption . The facts are there.
    Dyson cleaners never have exceptional scores and are 2 or 3 more expensive than better looking competing appliances. Yet still people buy them.
    Dyson is a very good analogy for the public delusion that is Brexit.

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    Replies
    1. For both vacuum cleaner consumers and referendum voters, you'd achieve a better result if you pointed out the facts constructively rather than calling people deluded.

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  10. Exactly right. Dyson’s view of the EU is highly reminiscent of Rupert Murdoch’s - ‘When I go into Downing Street they do what I say; when I go to Brussels, they take no notice’

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  11. "Dyson makes no secret of his admiration for Singapore, and his desire for the UK to become more like Singapore"

    Singapore is an authoritarian state, which secures its position in a sort of social contract where the people are provided for. For example 90% of the population have access to secure social housing of a reasonable standard, and cheap and comprehensive public transport, subsidised medical insurance etc.

    I am fairly sure when our politicians and business leaders tout Singapore as a model for the UK, especially post Brexit. They are just thinking about low wages and a non unionised workforce. Not any kind of social provision, As they believe that should be left to the market. However Singapore's leaders are not prepared to jeopardise their hold on power by putting their trust in the market to deliver public services and social provisions.




    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It is clearly an awful lot easier to criticise someone who is trying to protect and grow his manufacturing business than it is to actually start and manage a successful one.

      Delete

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